Anhalter Bahnhof – Anhalter Railway Station – 1841-1959
When it went into operation in 1841, the Anhalter Bahnhof was on the city outskirts and regarded as Berlin’s „gateway to the south“. It was the starting and the end point for the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company, which ran the first long-haul railway route via Dessau to Köthen, where passengers could connect to Leipzig and Halle. The rapid increase in railway travel made it necessary to expand the small terminus.
After a construction period of six years, a new station hall with a prestigious reception building was opened. Berlin architect Franz Schwechten designed the monumental building in the Neo-Renaissance style using Greppiner bricks, which became typical for Berlin railway buildings in the ensuing decades. The hall structure with its iron trusses was 34 metres high and spanned 62 metres across, making it the biggest in Continental Europe at that time. Anhalter Bahnhof became an international hub.
From 1882, trains travelled from there to Prague, Vienna, Rome, Basel, Athens and Constantinople. From 1933 until the outbreak of World War II it became the starting point for many people fleeing Germany and going into exile. In 1936, special trains were run making it possible for Jewish refugees to get to Palestine.
In 1938/39, the so-called Children’s Transport left Anhalter Bahnhof heading for Britain, which had declared its willingness to take in a limited number of Jewish children. Once there, the children were cared for in foster families until their parents could follow them. Many children never saw their parents again.
From June 1942, Anhalter Bahnhof became one of Berlin’s three deportation stations, with transports of older people in particular leaving from there for Theresienstadt. Al hough the station was badly damaged during bomb attacks in 1944 and 1945, it was already back in operation in August 1945. When Berlin became a divided city, the station became less important and was ultimately closed on 18th May 1959.
Although the building has had protected status since the 1930s, it was demolished in 1959. Protests from Berlin citizens at least led to the preservation of the portico, which was refurbished between 2003 and 2005. Other remains of the station building can be seen in the Deutsches Technikmuseum (German Museum of Technology) in the preserved engine sheds of the former Anhalter Bahnhof depot.
Information Boards
INFOTHEK
Design & Realization: HELGA LIESER
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helga-lieser-622b6153
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University Architecture Museum: ARCHITEKTURMUSEUM DER TU BERLIN
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